HINDI GRAMMAR 1 (Simple Sentence)

1. Let’s learn Hindi verb होना - honaa – to be.

                                                              

SINGULAR

PLURAL

मैं हूँ	main hoon	I am	हम हैं	ham hain	We are
तू है	too hai	You are 1	-	-	-
तुम हो	tum ho	You are 2	तुम हो	tum ho	You are6
आप हैं	aap hain	You are3	आप हैं	aap hain	You are 7
यह है	yah hai	He, she, this is 4	ये हैं	ye hain	They, these are8
वह है	vah hai	He, she, that is 5	वे हैं	ve hain	They, those are9

1  तू	-          Is used in an extremely intimate context. We can use “तू है” with a very close friend, children,     lover or God (while in prayer). It should never be used with elders or in formal situations as it can be perceived as very rude.
2 तुम	-          “तुम” is a casual and friendly way to address someone. It is used with friends, younger people, children, younger siblings, servants and people whose position at work is lower (than yours). “तुम” is used in both: singular and plural.
3 आप	-          “आप” is the politest form of “you”. It is used while addressing elders, superiors, people one doesn’t know, formal situations and all the other formal, polite and respectful situations. “आप” is also used with both: singular and plural.
4 यह	-          “यह” is used while talking about people and things that are located close to the speaker. It can be pronounced either as “yah” or “ye”. Genders are not distinguished in the third person.
5  वह	-          “वह” is used while talking about people and things that are located   far from the speaker. It can be pronounced either as “vah” or “ve”.  It can be used with either gender.
6 तुम	-          “तुम” in plural is used in casual and friendly situations
7 आप	Plural “आप” is used the same like singular. It should be used in polite and formal situations.
8 ये हैं	-          ये is used to talk about people and things that are close to the speaker. Also, it is used to talk about someone elder or about someone with respect. Pronounced as “ye”.
9 वे हैं	-          वे is used to talk about people and things that are far from the speaker. Also to talk about someone with respect (like parents).

2. After learning Hindi verb “to be” in Present Tense we can pass over some basic information about ourselves:

मैं दीपक हूँ।	main deepak hoon	I am Deepak.
मैं आदमी हूँ।	main aadmee hoon	I am a man.
मैं डॉक्टर हूँ।	main DaakTar hoon	I am a doctor.
मैं भारतवासी हूँ।	main bhaatvaasee hoon	I am Indian.
मैं खुश हूँ।	main khush hoon	I am happy.
मैं जेन हूँ।	main jen hoon	I am Jane.
मैं औरत हूँ।	main aurat hoon	I am a woman.
मैं गायक हूँ।	main gaayak hoon	I am a singer.
मैं अमरीकन हूँ।	main amreekan hoon	I am American.
मैं खुश हूँ।	main khush hoon	I am happy.

3. Now please have a look at this dialogue between two women that pass by in the neighborhood. One is a curious maid and the other one is a foreigner.

Possible answers to yes/no Hindi questions are:

हाँ जी	haan jee	yes (polite)
जी हाँ	jee haan	yes (polite)
जी	jee	yes (polite)
जी नहीं	jee naheen	no (polite)
हाँ	haan	yes (casual)
नहीं	naheen	no (casual)
शायद	shaayad	mabe
पता नहीं	pataa naheen	I don’t know
मालूम नहीं	maaloom naheen	I don’t know

सुनीताः	नमस्ते!
जेनः	नमस्ते!
सुनीताः	आप कौन हैं?
जेनः	मैं जेन हूँ.
सुनीताः	क्या आप अंग्रेज हैं?
जेनः	जी नहीं, अंग्रेज नही हूँ, अमरीकन हूँ।
सुनीताः	क्या आप एक्ट्रेस हैं?
जेनः	जी नही, मैं गायक हूँ।
सुनीताः	अच्छा, आप बहुत सुन्दर हैं!
जेनः	धन्यवाद, आप भी बहुत सुन्दर हैं।
सुनीताः	क्या आप विवाहित हैं?
जेनः	जी, विवाहित हूँ।
सुनीताः	ठीक है फिर, नमस्ते।
जेनः	नमस्ते।

Sunita:	Namaste!
Jen:	Namaste!
Sunita:	Aap kaun hain?
Jen:	Main Jen hoon.
Sunita:	Kyaa aap angrez hain?
Jen:	Jee naheen, angrez naheen hoon, amreekan hoon.
Sunita:	Kyaa aap Ektres hain?
Jen:	Jee naheen, main gaayak hoon.
Sunita:	Acchha, aap bahut sundar hain!
Jen:	Dhanyavaad, aap bhee bahut sundar hain.
Sunita:	Kyaa aap vivaahit hain?
Jen:	Jee, vivaahit hoon.
Sunita:	Theek hai phir, namaste.
Jen:	Namaste!

Sunita:	Hello!
Jane:	Hello!
Sunita:	Who are you?
Jane:	I am Jane.
Sunita:	Are you British?
Jane:	No, I am not British, I am American.
Sunita:	Are you an actress?
Jane:	No, I am a singer.
Sunita:	I see, you are very beautiful!
Jane:	Thank you, you also are very beautiful.
Sunita:	Are you married?
Jane:	Yes, I am married.
Sunita:	O.K. then, good-bye.
Jane:	Good-bye!

Dialogue vocabulary:

नमस्ते!	namaste	Hello!/Good-bye!
कौन	kaun	who
क्या	kyaa	what , (question marker)
अंग्रेज	angrez	British
अमरीकन	Amreekan	American
एक्ट्रेस	ekTres	actress
गायक	gaayak	singer
अच्छा	acchhaa	I see/ Good
बहुत	bahut	very
सुन्दर	sundar	beautiful
धन्यवाद	dhanyavaad	thank you
भी	bhee	also/ too/ as well
विवाहित	vivaahit	married
ठीक है	Theek hai	O.K./alright
फिर	phir	then

Here is some vocabulary you can use for practicing building “I am…” and “You are…” sentences.

विष्णु	viShNu	Vishnu
अर्जुन	arjun	Arjun
वरुण	varun	Varun
राधा	raadhaa	Radha
माया	maayaa	Maayaa
नेहा	nehaa	Neha
लड़का	laDkaa	boy
लड़की	laDkee	girl
आदमी	aadmee	man
औरत	aurat	woman
बच्चा	bacchaa	child (m)
बच्ची	bacchee	child (f)
विद्यार्थी	vidhyaarthee	student
अध्यापिका	adhyaapikaa	teacher (f)
अभियान्ता	abhiyaantaa	engineer
दुकानदार	dukaandaar	shopkeeper
पर्यटक	paryaTak	tourist
लेखक	lekhak	writer
भारतवासी	bhaaratvaasee	Indian
अंग्रेज	angrez	British
अमरीकन	amreekan	American
स्पेनिश	spenish	Spanish
फ्रांसीसी	fraanseesee	French
जर्मन	jarman	German
खुश	khush	happy
नाराज	naaraaj	angry
ठीक	Theek	fine
सुन्दर	sundar	beautiful
तेज़	tez	fast
देर	der	slow

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