Wednesday, October 16, 2013

Playing Card Names

Today I have decided to post an unusual Hindi lesson. It's about playing card names in Hindi. I personally love playing cards and there was a time when I tried to find their names in Hindi but couldn't. It's unbelievable how big is the Hindi/Urdu language and how little online resources there are. In any case, I think that it's really cool to know names of unusual things in another language. So here it goes:



NOTE: You might notice that some card names shown here are feminine and some are masculine. Ace will always stay masculine as well as Jack and King ("huqam kaa gulaam/baadshaah"). The Queen will always be feminine ("huqam kee begam"). The cards numbered from 2-10 can have a male or female version. For example: "huqam kee dukkee" (f) and "huqam ka dukkaa" (m). In our post we use the female version, but you can use the male version too.

SPADES:

Spades
हुकुम का इक्का
huqum kaa ikkaa
Ace of Spades
हुकुम की दुक्की
huqum kee dukkee
Two of Spades
हुकुम की तिक्की
huqum kee tikkee
Three of Spades
हुकुम की चौकी
huqum kee chaukee
Four of Spades
हुकुम की पंजी
huqum kee panjee
Five of Spades
हुकुम की छक्की
huqum kee chakkee
Six of Spades
हुकुम की सत्ती
huqum kee sattee
Seven of Spades
हुकुम की अत्ठी 
huqum kee aThee
Eight of Spades
हुकुम का नैल्ला
huqum kaa nellaa
Nine of Spades
हुकुम  का दैल्ला
huqum kaa dellaa
Ten of Spades
हुकुम का गुलाम
huqum kaa gulaam
Jack of Spades
हुकुम की बेगम
huqum kee begam
Queen of Spades
हुकुम का बादशाह
huqum kaa baadshaah
King of Spades

HEARTS:

Hearts

पान का इक्का
paan kaa ikkaa
Ace of Hearts
पान की दुक्की
paan kee dukkee
Two of Hearts
पान की तिक्की
paan kee tikkee
Three of Hearts
पान की चौकी
paan kee chaukee
Four of Hearts
पान की पंजी
paan kee panjee
Five of Hearts
पान की छक्की
paan kee chhakkee
Six of Hearts
पान की सत्ती
paan kee sattee
Seven of Hearts
पान की अत्ठी 
paan kee atThee
Eight of Hearts
पान का नैल्ला (नैल्ली)
paan kaa naillaa
Nine of Hearts
पान का दैल्ला
paan kaa daillaa
Ten of Hearts
पान का गुलाम
paan kaa gulaam
Jack of Hearts
पान की बेगम
paan kee begam
Queen of Hearts
पान का बादशाह
paan kaa baadshaah
King of Hearts



CLUBS:


Clubs

चिड़ी का इक्का
chiDee kaa ikkaa
Ace of Clubs
चिड़ी की दुक्की
chiDee kee dukkee
Two of Clubs
चिड़ी की तिक्की
chiDee kee tikkee
Three of Clubs
चिड़ी की चौक्की
chiDee kee chaukkee
Four of Clubs
चिड़ी की पंजी
chiDeee kee panjee
Five of Clubs
चिड़ी की छक्की
chiDee kee chhakkee
Six of Clubs
चिड़ी की सत्ती
chiDee kee sattee
Seven of Clubs
छिड़ी की अत्ठी 
chiDee kee atThee
Eight of Clubs
छिड़ी का नैल्ला नैल्ली
chiDee kaa naillaa (naillee)
Nine of Clubs
चिड़ी का दैल्ला
chiDee kaa daillaa
Ten of Clubs
चिड़ी का गुलाम
chiDee kaa gulaam
Jack of Clubs
छिड़ी की बेगम
chidee kee begam
Queen of Clubs
चिड़ी का बादशाह
chidee kaa baadshaah
King of Clubs

 DIAMONDS:

Diamonds

ईंट का इक्का
eenT kaa ikkaa
Ace of Diamonds
ईंट की दुक्की
eenT kee dukkee
Two of Diamonds
ईंट की तिक्की
eenT kee tikkee
Three of Diamonds
ईंट की चौक्की
eenT kee chaukkee
Four of Diamonds
ईंट की पंजी
eenT kee panjee
Five of Diamonds
ईंट की छक्की
eenT kee chhakkee
Six of Diamonds
ईंट की सत्ती
eenT kee sattee
Seven of Diamonds
ईंट की अत्ठी 
eenT kee atThee
Eight of Diamonds
ईंट की नैल्ला (नैल्ली)
eenT kaa naillaa
Nine of Diamonds
ईंट की दैल्ली
eenT kee daillee
Ten of Diamonds
ईंट का गुलाम
eenT kaa gulaam
Jack of Diamonds
ईंट की बेगम
eenT kee begam
Queen of Diamonds
ईंट का बादशाह
eenT kaa baadshaah
King of Diamonds

MORE INFO:



There probably are several ways of naming the cards in Hindi. Here we demonstrate the most common ones. There are slight variations in how one would call "queen" and "king". Some words used are Urdu and some Hindi. The more usual is the Urdu version.  In this table we can see the extra words that might be useful while playing a card game with an Indian person who doesn't know any English. If you have any questions about the card names in Hindi, please post a comment below.

हुकुम
huqam
spades
"highest order"
पान
paan
hearts
"betel leaf"
चिड़ी
chiDee
clubs
"bird"
ईंट
eenT
diamonds
"brick"
लाल पान
laal paan
hearts
"red betel leaf"
दिल
dil
heart
"heart"
काला पान
kaalaa paan
spades
"black betel leaf"
गुलाम
gulaam
jack
(Urdu/Hindi)
बेगम
begam
queen
(Urdu)
बादशाह
baadshaah
king
(Urdu)
रानी
raanee
queen
(Hindi)
राजा
raajaa
king
(Hindi)
जोकर
jokar
joker
(English)
पत्ता
pattaa
card (unit)
"leaf"
पत्ते
patte
cards (many units)
"leaves"
गद्दी
gaddee
deck
ताश
taash
cards
ताश की गद्दी
taash kee gaddee
a deck of cards
ताश के बावन पत्ते
taash ke baavan patte
52 cards
बाटना
baaTnaa
to deal
चल थीक है पत्ते बाट!
chal theek hai patte baaT!
OK, deal!
खेल जीतना
khel jeetnaa
to win the game
खेल हारना
khel haarnaa
to loose the game
जीत गया
jeet gayaa
I/you won (m)
जीत गयी
jeet gayee
I/you won (f)
हार गया
haar gayaa
I/you lost (m)
हार गयी
haar gayee
I/you lost(f)



Friday, February 15, 2013

HINDI VERBS 7 (Simple Past Tense)


We have learned how to use Simple Imperfective (I used to do) and Past Continuous (I am doing) tenses. In Hindi it would sound:

मैं जाता था
Main jaataa thaa
I used to go.
मैं जा रहा था
Main jaa rahaa thaa
I was going.

In both cases, we added different endings to the verb stem “जा” (जाना – jaanaa – to go without the ending “-na”).

At the Taj Mahal complex in Agra
                                                   
The past continuous and past imperfective tenses were quite easy to learn and the reason why I took so much time posting the simple past or perfective tense was because it’s slightly trickier. Why is it trickier? To be able to use the past simple tense properly, we need to learn to differentiate between intransitive and transitive verbs as well as give more attention to the noun genders. We will also need to learn about postposition “ने” (ne).

WHAT ARE TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS? 

Intransitive verbs are those that don't have an object:
"The boy laughed". (We cannot ask: "What did he laugh?")
Transitive verbs are those that have an object:
"The boy read the book". (We can ask: "What did he read?")

1. INTRANSITIVE VERBS

To simply express a completed action that has no object (“I got up”, “I slept”, “He laughed”, “We ran”, “They arrived”) we will use this formula:

Personal pronoun
Verb stem
Ending
Outcome
मैं
उठ
-
मैं उठा
Main
uThaa
-aa
Main uThaa
I (m)
get up/rise
I got up/rose
मैं
सो
-या
मैं सोया
Main
so
-yaa
Main soya
I (m)
sleep
I slept
वह
हँस
-
वह हँसी 
Vah
hans
-ee
Vah hansee
She
laugh
She laughed
हम
भाग 
-
हम भागे
Ham
bhaag
-e
Ham bhaage
We (m)
run
We ran
वे
पहूँच
-ईँ
वे पहूँचीं
Ve
pahoonch
-een
Ve pahooncheen
They (f)
reach
They reached.

After looking at this table you can work out how intransitive verbs are built. You may notice that the ending varies between -, -, -, -ईँ (-a, -e, -ee, -een). Intransitive verbs agree with the subject, so if the speaker is male, he will say: “Main uthaa” (I got up), a female would say: “Main uthee”, talking about a group of men, we’ll say “Ve uthe” and talking about a group of women, we’ll say: “Ve utheen”, using the nasal sound at the end (I use “n” to note a nasal sound).

लड़का उठा
ladkaa uThaa
A boy got up.
लड़के उठे
ladke uThe
Boys got up.
लड़की उठी
ladkee uThee
A girl got up.
लडकियां उठीं 
ladkiyaan uTheen
Girls got up.

So by learning intransitive verbs you will be able to describe the state and motion that happened in the past such as:

मैं सुबह जल्दी उठा।

Main subah jaldee uThaa.

I woke up early in the morning.

मेरी बहिन सड़क पे दौड़ी।

Meree bahin saDak pe daurhee.

My sister ran in the street.

हमारे रिश्तेदार आये।

Hamaare rishtedaar aaye.

Our relatives came.

मेहमान वहा बेठे।

Mehmaan vahaa beThe.

Guest sat there.

रुचिका थोड़ा मुस्कुरायी।


Ruchikaa thoDaa muskuraayee.

Ruchika smiled a little.


किताब मेज़ पर पड़ी थी 

Kitaab mez par paDee thee.

The book was on the table.

फिर वह यह बोला 

Phir vah yah bola.

Then he said this.

मेरे पति बहार गए थे  
Mere pati bahaar gaye the.
My husband went outside.

You may have noticed that some verbs in the perfective tense end with “-aa”, “-e”, “ee” or “een” but there are some that end in “-yaa”, “-ye”, “yee” and “-yeen”.

So all the verbs that have a stem that ends with a consonant, like हंस+ना (hans+naa – to laugh) orभाग+ना (bhaag+naa – to run), they will use the endings “-aa”, “-e”, “-ee” and “-een”.

These verb stems that end with a vowel will use endings with “ya” in the beginning. For example:सो+ना (so+naa – to sleep) will become सो+या (so+yaa – slept); “+ना (aa+naa – to come) will become +या (aa+yaa – came).

At the Jantar Mantar observatory in Jaipur, Rajasthan
                                                   
2. IRREGULAR VERBS IN PERFECTIVE TENSE

Some of the most important and most used Hindi verbs (also called auxiliary verbs) will have irregular form for its perfective tense.

Infinitive
Masculin, sg
Masculine, pl
Feminine, sg
Feminine, pl
आना
aanaa
to come
आया
aayaa
came
आए
aae
came

आई
aaee
came

आईं
aaeen
came

करना
karnaa
to do
किया
kiyaa
did
किए
kie
did

की
kee
did
कीं
keen
did
जाना
jaanaa
to go
गया
gayaa
went
गए
gae
went

गई
gaee
went
गईं
gaeen
went

लेना
lenaa
to take
लिया
liyaa
took  
लिए
lie
took  

ली
lee
took
लीं
leen
took

होना
honaa
to be, occur
हुआ
huaa
was, occurred
हुए
hue
was, occurred
हुई
huee
was, occurred
हुईं
hueen
was, occurred

Also give and drink:

Infinitive
M, sg
M, pl
F, sg
F, pl
देना
denaa
give
दिया
diyaa
gave
दिए
die
gave
दी
dee
gave
दीं
deen
gave
पीना
peenaa
drink
पीया
piyaa
drank
पिए
pie
drank
पी
pee
drank
पीं
peen
drank

EXAMPLES:

पापा कहाँ है?
Papa kahaan hai?
Where is daddy?
पापा बहार गए थे 
Papa bahaar gae the.
Daddy went abroad/outside.
दादी कहाँ गई?
Dadi kahaan gaee?
Where did your grandma go?
दादी बाज़ार गई।
Dadi baazaar gaee.
Grandma went to the market.
क्या हुआ?
Kya hua?
What happened?
कुछ नहीं हुआ।
Kuchh naheen hua.
Nothing (happened).
आप लोग कहाँ तक पहुंचे?
Aap log kahaan tak pahoonche?
Where are you? (Where did you reach?)
हम आगरा तक पहुंचे।
Ham Aagra tak pahoonche.
We reached Agra (We are in Agra).
वह कब उठी?
Vah kab uThee?
When did she wake up?
वह लगभग दस बजे उठी।
Vah lagbhag das baje uThee.
She woke up around ten o'clock.
वह दोनों बहुत हँसीं।
Vah donon bahut hanseen.
They both laughed a lot.
वह रोया नहीं।
Vah roya naheen.
He didn't cry.
तुम कितना बोली?
Tum kitnaa bolee?
How much did you say?
मैं सिर्फ इतना बोली।
Main sirf itnaa bolee.
I only said this much.

* THIS POST IS INCOMPLETE (I will explain the transitive verbs soon)...