Transport

  

गाड	gaaDee	car
बस	bas	bus
टैक्सी	Taiksee	taxi
ट्रेन	Tren	train
हवाई जहाज़	havaaee jahaaz	aeroplane
विमान	vimaan	plane
साइकिल	saaikil	cycle
मोटर - साइकिल	moTar-saaikil	motorcycle
स्कूटर	skootar	scooter
रिक्शा	rikshaa	rikshaw
ऑटो	aTo	auto-rikshaw
टेम्पू	Tempoo	threewheeler
छकड़ा	chhakDa	cart
नाव	naav	boat
जहाज़	jahaaz	ship

                                                     

Road sign in New Delhi. Languages used: Hindi, English, Punjabi and Urdu

Hindi verbs 3 (Present Continous Tense)

Present Continuous Tense (-ing tense)

                                                          

Present continuous tense describes actions that are going on right now. They are the –ing tenses, such as “going”, “talking”, “travelling”, “painting”, “studying” etc. The present continuous tense is made out of a verb stem (a verb without –na ending),  rahaa/rahee/rahe and an auxiliary verb hoon/hai/hain. For example:

जाना jaanaa (infinitive with ending “-naa”)

जा jaa (verb stem without“-naa”)

रहा rahaa (word that gives the continuous’ sense)

हूँ hoon (auxiliary verb for 1st person)

Present continuous tense conjugation chart:

मैं जा रहा हूँ main jaa rahaa hoon I am going	मैं जा रही हूँ main jaa rahee hoon I am going.
आप जा रहे हैं aap jaa rahe hain You are going (polite)	आप जा रही हैं aap jaa rahee hain You are going  (polite)
तुम जा रहे हो tum jaa rahe ho You are going (friendly)	तुम जा रही हो tum jaa rahee ho You are going (friendly)
तू जा रहा है too jaa rahaa hai You are going (very informal)	तू जा रही है too jaa rahee hai You are going (very informal)
यह/वह जा रहा है yah/vah jaa rahaa hai He is going.	यह/वह जा रही है yah/vah jaa rahee hai She is going.
हम जा रहेँ हैं ham jaa rahe hain We are going.	हम जा रहे हैं ham jaa rahe hain We are going.
आप जा रहे हैं aap jaa rahe hain You are going (polite)	आप जा रही हैं aao jaa rahee hain You are going (polite)
तुम जा रहे हो tum jaa rahe ho You are going (friendly)	तुम जा रही हो tum jaa rahee ho You are going (friendly)
ये/वे जा रहे हैं ye/ve jaa rahe hain They are going.	ये/वे जा रही हैं   ye/ve jaa rahee hain They are going.

Some examples:

आप अभी क्या कर रहे हैं? aap abhee kyaa kar rahe hain	What are you doing now?
मैं कुछ नहीं कर रहा हूँ. main kuchh naheen kar rahaa hoon	I am doing nothing.
मैं बस टीवी देख रहा हूँ. main bas Teevee dekh rahaa hoon	I am only watching TV.
चलो ठीक है, मैं जा रही हूँ. chalo Theek hai, main jaa rahee hoon	OK, I am going (f).

Negative:

क्या आप मंदिर नहीं जा रहे हैं? kyaa aap mandir naheen jaa rahe hain	Are you not going to the temple?
यह गाड़ी नही चल रही है. yah gaaDee nahee chal rahee hai	This car is not working.
मैं ऐसे नहीं सोच रहा हूँ. main aise naheen soch rahaa hoon	I am not thinking like that.
मैं अभी घर नहीं जा रही हूँ. main abhee ghar naheen jaa rahee hoon	I am not going home right now (f).

Hindi verbs 2 (Imperfective Present Tense)

The Imperfective Present Tense (Simple Present)

                                                               

The imperfective present tense is used to express regular events and habits, such as: “I like India”, “I study Hindi”, “We live on the second floor”, “I don’t eat meat”, “I dislike traffic jams”.

The following is a conjugation chart for imperfective present tense:

मैं जाता हूँ main jaataa hoon I go.	मैं जाती हूँ main jaatee hoon I go.
आप जाते हैं aap jaate hain You go (polite)	आप जाती हैं aap jaatee hain You go (polite)
तुम जाते हो tum jaate ho You go (friendly)	तुम जाती हो tum jaatee ho You go (friendly)
तू जाता है too jaataa hai You go (very informal)	तू जाती है too jaatee hai You go (very informal)
यह/वह जाता है yah/vah jaataa hai He goes.	यह/वह जाती है yah/vah jaatee hai She goes
हम जाते हैं ham jaate hain We go.	हम जाती हैं ham jaatee hain We go.
आप जाते हैं aap jaate hain You go (polite)	आप जाती हैं aap jaatee hain You go (polite)
तुम जाते हो tum jaate ho You go (friendly)	तुम जाती हो tum jaatee ho You go (friendly)
ये/वे जाते हैं ye/ve jaate hain They go.	ये/वे जाती हैं ye/ve jaatee hain They go.

Negative:

मैं घर नहीं जाता। main ghar naheen jaataa	I don't go home (m).
में घर नहीं जाती। main ghar nahee jaatee	I don't go home (f).
वह कभी नहीं बोलता। vah kabhee naheen boltaa	He never speaks.
वह कभी नहीं बोलती। vah kabhee naheen boltee	She never speaks.
यह घर नहीं है। yah ghar naheen hai	It is not this house.
वे लोग नहीं हैं। ve log naheen hain	They are not those people.

A strange green stone on the way to the Himalayas (photo: Aditya)