Tuesday, May 24, 2011

To speak (बोलना)

I have referred (or copied) this conjugation chart from my Hindi textbook (which is "Teach Yourself Hindi" by Rupert Snell p.258 "Appendix 7: Summary of verb tenses and constructions"  ). I haven't included all the tenses here, just the most basic ones.
I liked the examples of common verb constructions too and I have included about half of them (the ones that I heard being used the most frequently while in India). Although I posted this chart, I think it would be better if you could get the book - it's priceless. For complete beginner's I would advice "Teach Yourself Beginner's Hindi" by Rupert Snell or visit Hindi Urdu Flagship Program site for free resources.


बोलना  bolnaa to speak




PRESENT TENSE


Imperfective (Unfinished act.)
Perfective (Finished action)*
Continuous




मैं
main
बोलता हूँ
boltaa hoon
I speak
बोला
bola
I spoke.
बोल रहा हूँ
bol rahaa hoon
I am speaking.
आप
aap
बोलते हैं
bolte hain
बोले
bole
बोल रहे हैं
bol rahe hain
तुम
tum
बोलते हो
bolte ho
बोला
bola
बोल रहे  हो
bol rahe ho
तू
too
बोलता है
boltaa hai
बोला
bola
बोल रहा है
bol rahaa hai
यह
yah
बोलता है
boltaa hai
बोला
bola
बोल रहा है
bol rahaa hai
वह
vah
बोलता है
boltaa hai
बोला
bola
बोल रहा है
bol rahaa hai
हम
ham
बोलते हैं
bolte hain
बोले
bole
बोल रहे हैं
bol rahe hain
आप
aap
बोलते हैं
bolte hain
बोला
bola
बोल रहे हैं
bol rahe hain
तुम
tum
बोलते हो
bolte ho
बोला
bola
बोल रहे हो
bol rahe ho
ये
ye
बोलते हैं
bolte hain
बोला
bola
बोल रहे हैं
bol rahe hain
वे
ve
बोलते हैं
bolte hain
बोला
bola
बोल रहे हैं
bol rahe hain










PAST TENSE






Imperfective (Unfinished act.)
Perfective (Finished action)*
Continuous




मैं
main
बोलता था
boltaa thaa
I used to speak.
बोला था
 bola thaa
I had spoken.
बोल रहा था
bol rahaa thaa
I was speaking.
आप
aap
बोलते थे
bolte the
बोला था
bolaa thaa
बोल रहे थे
bol rahe the
तुम
tum
बोलते थे
bolte the
बोला था
bolaa thaa
बोल रहा था
bol rahaa thaa
तू
too
बोलता था
boltaa thaa
बोला था
bolaa thaa
बोल रहा था
bol rahaa thaa
यह
yah
बोलता था
boltaa thaa
बोला था
bolaa thaa
बोल रहा था
bol rahaa thaa
वह
vah
बोलता था
boltaa thaa
बोला था
bolaa thaa
बोल रहा था
bol rahaa thaa
हम
ham
बोलते थे
bolte the
बोला था
bolaa thaa
बोल रहे थे
bol rahe the
आप
aap
बोलते थे
bolte the
बोला था
bolaa thaa
बोल रहे थे
bol rahe the
तुम
tum
बोलते थे
bolte the
बोला था
bolaa thaa
बोल रहे थे
bol rahe the
ये
ye
बोलते थे
bolte the
बोला था
bolaa thaa
बोल रहे थे
bol rahe the
वे
ve
बोलते थे
bolte the
बोला था
bola thaa
बोल रहे थे
bol rahe the










FUTURE TENSE






Imperfective (Unfinished act.)






मैं
main
बोलूंगा
boloongaa
I will speak.


आप
aap
बोलेंगे
bolenge


तुम
tum
बोलोगे
bologe


तू
too
बोलेगा
bolegaa


यह
yah
बोलेगा
bolegaa


वह
vah
बोलेगा
bolegaa


हम
ham
बोलेंगे
bolenge


आप
aap
बोलेंगे
bolenge


तुम
tum
बोलोगे
bologe


ये
ye
बोलेंगे
bolenge


वे
ve
बोलेंगे
bolenge











OTHER VERB CONSTRUCTIONS:







Masculine gender
Feminine gender






मैं बोलता रहता हूँ
main boltaa rahtaa  hoon
I continue speaking.
मैं बोलती  रहती  हूँ
main boltee rahtee hoon
I continue speaking.


मुझे बोलना चाहिए
mujhe bolnaa chaahiye
I should speak.
मुझे बोलना चाहिए
mujhe bolnaa chaahiye
I should speak.


मुझे बोलना है
mujhe bolnaa hai
I am to speak.
मुझे बोलना है
mujhe bolnaa hai
I am to speak.


मुझे बोलना पड़ता है
mujhe bolnaa paDtaa hai
I have to speak (as a habit).
मुझे बोलना पड़ता है
mujhe bolnaa paDtaa hai
I have to speak (as a habit).


मुझे बोलना पड़ेगा
mujhe bolnaa paDegaa
I will HAVE to speak.
मुझे बोलना पड़ेगा
mujhe bolnaa paDegaa.
I will HAVE to speak.


अगर मैं बोलूंगा
agar main boloongaa
If I speak.
अगर मैं बोलूंगी 
agar main boloongee
If I speak.


मैं बोल सकता हूँ
main bol saktaa hoon
I can speak.
मैं बोल सकती हूँ
main bol saktee hoon
I can speak.


मैं बोल नहीं पाई
main bol naheen paaee
I didn’t manage to speak.
मैं बोल नहीं पाई
main bol naheen paaee
I didn’t manage to speak.


मुझे बोलना आता है
mujhe bolnaa aataa hai
I know how to speak.
मुझे बोलना आता है
mujhe bolnaa aataa hai
I know how to speak.


मैं बोल चुका हूँ
main bol chukaa hoon
I have already spoken.
मैं बोल चुकी  हूँ
main bol chukee hoon
I have already spoken.


मैं बोलने लगा
main bolne lagaa
I started speaking.
मैं बोलने लगी
main bolne lagee
I started speaking.


मैंने बोलना शुरू किया
maine bolnaa shuroo kiyaa
I began to speak.
मैंने बोलना शुरू किया
maine bolnaa shuroo kiyaa
I began to speak.


मुझे बोलने दो
mujhe bolne do
Let me speak.
मुझे बोलने दो
mujhe bolne do
Let me speak.


मैं बोलना चाहता हूँ
main bolnaa chaahtaa hoon
I want to speak.
मैं बोलना चाहती हूँ
main bolnaa chahtee hoon.
I want to speak.


बोलकर
bolkar
After speaking/ having spoken.
बोलकर
bolkar
After speaking/having spoken.


मैं बोलनेवाला हूँ
main bolnevaalaa hoon
I am about to speak.
मैं बोलनेवाली  हूँ
main bolnevaalee hoon
I am about to speak.











COMMANDS & REQUESTS





आप
बोलिए
boliye
Please say.
आप
बोलिएगा
boliegaa
Please be so kind as to say.
तुम
बोलो
bolo
Say! (familiar)
तू
बोल
bol
Say! (blunt)
Infinitive*
बोलना
bolnaa
To say (used with tum)

1 comments:

Anonymous said...

That do good work. I congratulate them.
I have many problems with the transformation of words as: "kiya "khola" liye " "lagaw". I do not understand the grammatical rule to think them for my same.
Bahut dhanyawad,
Liz

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