I have referred (or copied) this conjugation chart from my Hindi textbook (which is "Teach Yourself Hindi" by Rupert Snell p.258 "Appendix 7: Summary of verb tenses and constructions" ). I haven't included all the tenses here, just the most basic ones.
I liked the examples of common verb constructions too and I have included about half of them (the ones that I heard being used the most frequently while in India). Although I posted this chart, I think it would be better if you could get the book - it's priceless. For complete beginner's I would advice "Teach Yourself Beginner's Hindi" by Rupert Snell or visit Hindi Urdu Flagship Program site for free resources.
बोलना bolnaa to speak | |||
PRESENT TENSE | |||
Imperfective (Unfinished act.) | Perfective (Finished action)* | Continuous | |
मैं main | बोलता हूँ boltaa hoon I speak | बोला bola I spoke. | बोल रहा हूँ bol rahaa hoon I am speaking. |
आप aap | बोलते हैं bolte hain | बोले bole | बोल रहे हैं bol rahe hain |
तुम tum | बोलते हो bolte ho | बोला bola | बोल रहे हो bol rahe ho |
तू too | बोलता है boltaa hai | बोला bola | बोल रहा है bol rahaa hai |
यह yah | बोलता है boltaa hai | बोला bola | बोल रहा है bol rahaa hai |
वह vah | बोलता है boltaa hai | बोला bola | बोल रहा है bol rahaa hai |
हम ham | बोलते हैं bolte hain | बोले bole | बोल रहे हैं bol rahe hain |
आप aap | बोलते हैं bolte hain | बोला bola | बोल रहे हैं bol rahe hain |
तुम tum | बोलते हो bolte ho | बोला bola | बोल रहे हो bol rahe ho |
ये ye | बोलते हैं bolte hain | बोला bola | बोल रहे हैं bol rahe hain |
वे ve | बोलते हैं bolte hain | बोला bola | बोल रहे हैं bol rahe hain |
PAST TENSE | |||
Imperfective (Unfinished act.) | Perfective (Finished action)* | Continuous | |
मैं main | बोलता था boltaa thaa I used to speak. | बोला था bola thaa I had spoken. | बोल रहा था bol rahaa thaa I was speaking. |
आप aap | बोलते थे bolte the | बोला था bolaa thaa | बोल रहे थे bol rahe the |
तुम tum | बोलते थे bolte the | बोला था bolaa thaa | बोल रहा था bol rahaa thaa |
तू too | बोलता था boltaa thaa | बोला था bolaa thaa | बोल रहा था bol rahaa thaa |
यह yah | बोलता था boltaa thaa | बोला था bolaa thaa | बोल रहा था bol rahaa thaa |
वह vah | बोलता था boltaa thaa | बोला था bolaa thaa | बोल रहा था bol rahaa thaa |
हम ham | बोलते थे bolte the | बोला था bolaa thaa | बोल रहे थे bol rahe the |
आप aap | बोलते थे bolte the | बोला था bolaa thaa | बोल रहे थे bol rahe the |
तुम tum | बोलते थे bolte the | बोला था bolaa thaa | बोल रहे थे bol rahe the |
ये ye | बोलते थे bolte the | बोला था bolaa thaa | बोल रहे थे bol rahe the |
वे ve | बोलते थे bolte the | बोला था bola thaa | बोल रहे थे bol rahe the |
FUTURE TENSE | |||
Imperfective (Unfinished act.) | |||
मैं main | बोलूंगा boloongaa I will speak. | ||
आप aap | बोलेंगे bolenge | ||
तुम tum | बोलोगे bologe | ||
तू too | बोलेगा bolegaa | ||
यह yah | बोलेगा bolegaa | ||
वह vah | बोलेगा bolegaa | ||
हम ham | बोलेंगे bolenge | ||
आप aap | बोलेंगे bolenge | ||
तुम tum | बोलोगे bologe | ||
ये ye | बोलेंगे bolenge | ||
वे ve | बोलेंगे bolenge | ||
OTHER VERB CONSTRUCTIONS: | |||
Masculine gender | Feminine gender | ||
मैं बोलता रहता हूँ main boltaa rahtaa hoon I continue speaking. | मैं बोलती रहती हूँ main boltee rahtee hoon I continue speaking. | ||
मुझे बोलना चाहिए mujhe bolnaa chaahiye I should speak. | मुझे बोलना चाहिए mujhe bolnaa chaahiye I should speak. | ||
मुझे बोलना है mujhe bolnaa hai I am to speak. | मुझे बोलना है mujhe bolnaa hai I am to speak. | ||
मुझे बोलना पड़ता है mujhe bolnaa paDtaa hai I have to speak (as a habit). | मुझे बोलना पड़ता है mujhe bolnaa paDtaa hai I have to speak (as a habit). | ||
मुझे बोलना पड़ेगा mujhe bolnaa paDegaa I will HAVE to speak. | मुझे बोलना पड़ेगा mujhe bolnaa paDegaa. I will HAVE to speak. | ||
अगर मैं बोलूंगा agar main boloongaa If I speak. | अगर मैं बोलूंगी agar main boloongee If I speak. | ||
मैं बोल सकता हूँ main bol saktaa hoon I can speak. | मैं बोल सकती हूँ main bol saktee hoon I can speak. | ||
मैं बोल नहीं पाई main bol naheen paaee I didn’t manage to speak. | मैं बोल नहीं पाई main bol naheen paaee I didn’t manage to speak. | ||
मुझे बोलना आता है mujhe bolnaa aataa hai I know how to speak. | मुझे बोलना आता है mujhe bolnaa aataa hai I know how to speak. | ||
मैं बोल चुका हूँ main bol chukaa hoon I have already spoken. | मैं बोल चुकी हूँ main bol chukee hoon I have already spoken. | ||
मैं बोलने लगा main bolne lagaa I started speaking. | मैं बोलने लगी main bolne lagee I started speaking. | ||
मैंने बोलना शुरू किया maine bolnaa shuroo kiyaa I began to speak. | मैंने बोलना शुरू किया maine bolnaa shuroo kiyaa I began to speak. | ||
मुझे बोलने दो mujhe bolne do Let me speak. | मुझे बोलने दो mujhe bolne do Let me speak. | ||
मैं बोलना चाहता हूँ main bolnaa chaahtaa hoon I want to speak. | मैं बोलना चाहती हूँ main bolnaa chahtee hoon. I want to speak. | ||
बोलकर bolkar After speaking/ having spoken. | बोलकर bolkar After speaking/having spoken. | ||
मैं बोलनेवाला हूँ main bolnevaalaa hoon I am about to speak. | मैं बोलनेवाली हूँ main bolnevaalee hoon I am about to speak. | ||
COMMANDS & REQUESTS | |||
आप | बोलिए | boliye | Please say. |
आप | बोलिएगा | boliegaa | Please be so kind as to say. |
तुम | बोलो | bolo | Say! (familiar) |
तू | बोल | bol | Say! (blunt) |
Infinitive* | बोलना | bolnaa | To say (used with tum) |
1 comments:
That do good work. I congratulate them.
I have many problems with the transformation of words as: "kiya "khola" liye " "lagaw". I do not understand the grammatical rule to think them for my same.
Bahut dhanyawad,
Liz
Post a Comment