PERSONAL PRONOUNS:
मैं | main | I |
आप | aap | you (polite) |
तुम | tum | you (informal) |
तू | too | you (very informal) |
यह | yah | he/she/it/this |
वह | vah | he/she/it/that |
हम | ham | we |
आप | aap | you |
वे | ve | they/those |
ये | ye | they/these |
POSSESSION PRONOUNS:
(The ending of a possession pronoun agrees with the subject, not the speaker.)
For example:
मेरा बेटा | meraa beTaa | my son | (speaker can be father and mother) | |
तुम्हारी बेटी | tumhaaree beTee | your daughter | (addresse can be father and mother) | |
इसका पति | iskaa pati | her husband | ||
उनकी पत्नी | unkee patnee | his wife | ||
हमारा भाषा | hamaaraa bhaashaa | our language | ||
तेरा पिता-जी | teraa pitaa-jee | your father |
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| On the way to Himalayas (photo: Aditya) |
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3 comments:
Thank you for giving us this knowledge, it is very helpful!
Please, could you explain why there are three different words for "yours", and when to use each of them? The same with his/her/its.
Thank you!
OK, so shortly:
"Aap" is used: when talking to an elder person male or female, or to a group of people that we want to show respect to. It's like French "Vous". "Aap log" is commonly used, means "you; you people, respectful).
"Tum" is used: when talking to friends or a group of people that we are familiar with such as siblings, cousins, sometimes parents and grandparents if we love them and we know they wouldn't mind. Usually avoid using it when wanting to show extreme respect. It's a casual way to address after all. It can also be used in plural like "tum log" (you; you people).
"Too" is used: this is the least respectful word. It can be used with small kids though, people of lower class* (I don't do that). Or usually used in rougher language.
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With his/her/its:
The only thing to note down here is that "iskaa/iskee" means "his/hers" that are close to us at the time of speaking.
"Uskaa/uskee" means "his/hers" that are far from us at the time of speaking.
Same with "inkaa/inkee" and "unkaa/unkee" which means "their/theirs".
Yes, it is clear to me now.
I didn't realise that "आप" corresponds to "आपका" (m), "आपकी" (f) and "आपके" (pl). And the same with tum and too.
Thanks again! :)
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